“Should Fast Food Chains Be to Blame for Childhood Obesity”

â€Å"Should fast food chains be to blame for childhood obesity? † As defined by dictionary. com obesity is the condition of being obese; increased body weight caused by excessive accumulation of fat. Obesity is determined by the level of BMI (body mass index). According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, BMI is calculated from a child’s weight and height, and is compared to a chart that tells you what is along the normal ranges.As you can see, children do not just wake up one day and find themselves overweight, there has to be some kind of influence that is making them that way, whether it be the foods they eat at home, or what they eat while with friends. This is not a matter that should be taken lightly. Who should be blamed? Some people believe the parents are to blame because they should provide their children with healthier meal choices at all times. Others believe the influence fast food companies have through the media and advertising is too grea t and children would rather have a happy meal that comes with a toy than have a healthy cooked meal from home.The way of living has changed drastically from the 1970s to the present. Back in the 1970s mothers were more likely to be homemakers and had the time to dedicate to homemade meals three times a day. Nowadays, women are more likely to take part in careers and therefore live more hectic lifestyles. People are busier than ever and most of the time it is much easier to drive by a fast food restaurant and pick up dinner than to slave in the kitchen after a long day at work. â€Å"Fewer family meals are eaten together now (less than 5 a week of 21 meals) than in the years past† (King, 28).The fast food business has boomed in the recent years due to this and they tend to advertise mostly to kids using colorful advertisements with their favorite cartoon characters and reel them in by providing a toy along with a processed hamburger and greasy French fries. Being an obese chil d can have many effects on their health, both physical and emotional health are impacted greatly by being overweight. Some children are never taught proper ways to cope with their emotions and eating is what they turn to make them feel better when nothing else is going right.Obese children tend to suffer from low self-esteem and may develop eating disorders in their quest to become thin. â€Å"Obese adolescents are more prone to emotional and behavior problems and also more likely to develop psychopathologies during both adolescence and adulthood† (Willette, 565). Overweight children are at risk for more diseases than children within their normal weight. â€Å"Adult diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, are being diagnosed in 8-and 9-year-old children† (King, 28).Some parents rely on television and video games to keep their children entertained after a long day because they do not have time to take the children outside to play. †Health concerns such as undernutritio n, lack of physical activity and increased incidence of chronic diseases are more common in low-income and minority youth† (King, 28). Everywhere we turn we are bombarded by advertisements for some type of fast food restaurant. Billboards, television commercials, radio ads, and print are just some of the media used to get the message to people to come out to their restaurants, and use catchy slogans with animated characters.It is no secret these ads are mostly advertising to children and teenagers. In 2002, it was estimated that annual sales of food and beverages to young consumers exceeded $27 billion. Advertisers have recognized that young consumers are a valuable market and have begun to advertise directly to them. Food and beverage advertisers collectively spend$10 billion to $20 billion annually to reach children and youth, and more than $1 billion of that is spent on direct media advertising to children (Willette, 565). Children are more likely to be influenced by these advertisements, especially when it involves something they think is cool.These advertisements are mostly found on channels such as nickelodeon or Disney channel. It is very hard because there is no way to avoid these advertisements unless you move yourself and your children to a cave. Parents have an important effect on their children’s development because they are the ones who raise their children from day one. If a child is raised eating healthy foods they are more likely to keep making those choices as they grow older and pass those habits on to their children. Bad eating habits can be passed on as well.Some parents simply don’t know how to make healthy eating choices themselves, and it affects them and their children around the waistline. Parents should lead by example; they should not only encourage their children to eat healthy, but also do the same themselves. So why are parents blaming fast food chains for their children obesity? Well, because no one wants to h old themselves responsible and it is always much easier to point the finger at someone else. No parent wants to be seen as the reason for making their child overweight and want some type of reassurance that their parenting efforts ave not all been ineffective. Parents also are the ones that pay for the fast food and provide it for their children, so it can’t fully be the fast food companies fault, right? Children are going to be children and they are going to always want what is not good for them, but the parents have some control over what they choose to feed their child, and it should be done even if it requires them to spend more time in the home. In conclusion, the media is always going to have a big impact on the lives of everyone especially children. Childhood obesity is a health epidemic affecting many children in this country today.Parents are the ones who give guidance and should work hard to teach their children healthy eating habits. Fast food companies use adverti sing and many other things to attract children; but at the end of the day, companies need to make money. So the blame game parents are using needs to stop. Fast food is not going anywhere and the parents should be the ones being held responsible for their children not fast food companies who have no relation to these children.Works cited â€Å"Kaiser Family Foundation Releases Report on Role of Media In Childhood Obesity. † Pediatric Nursing 30. (2004): 165 Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 18 Apr. 2010. Willette, Amanda L. â€Å"Where Have All the Parents Gone? Do Efforts to Regulate Food Advertising To Curb Childhood Obesity Pass Constitutional Muster?. † Journal of Legal Medicine 28. 4 (2007): 561-577. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 18 Apr. 2010. King, Nancy, and Dayle Hayes. â€Å"Shame, Blame and the ‘War on Childhood Obesity’: Confronting the Real Problems, Identifying the Positive Solutions. † Healthy Weight Journal 17. 2 (2003): 2 8. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 18 Apr. 2010.

Trauma In 21st Century Health And Social Care Essay

Traumatic hurts are a really serious issue for society. These types of hurts are one of the chief causes of decease in people aged 5-44 old ages in the universe today. They account for 10 % of all deathsin this age group and hence represent a large load to society in footings of premature decease and disablement. Approximately 10 % of people who come into an accident and exigency section have a head hurt and that is what I am traveling to concentrate my essay on. I will discourse current direction every bit good as new therapies and developments. I will besides discourse the complication that can originate from a traumatic encephalon hurt old ages after the initial hurt. Injuries to the caput include scalp lacerations, skull breaks, concussion or a traumatic subdural, epidural or subarachnoid bleeding. If a patient has arrived to the A & A ; E section with multiple hurts, the precedence must be the air passage and guaranting the cervical spinal column is stable, so take a breathing and circulation before intervention can get down on a head hurt. Failure in resuscitation can take to hypoxia and hypotension.[ 3 ]It is of import to observe that intoxicant can impact the degree of consciousness in a patient so a blood intoxicant trial is ever a good thought.[ 4 ] Head hurts can be classed into two groups, closed caput hurts and perforating caput hurts. Closed caput hurts can be farther grouped into mild, moderate and terrible hurts. The Glasgow coma graduated table ( GCS ) is a graduated table used to measure the extent of the harm to the encephalon. Eye motor and verbal responses are tested for this graduated table. The scale scopes from 3-15 with 3-8 bespeaking terrible caput injury, 9-12 bespeaking moderate injury, and 15 indicating you know who and where you are, and that your motor and verbal control are unaffected.[ 5 ]After a traumatic caput hurt this trial is performed every half an hr until the patient reaches 15 on the graduated table. This trial classifies the type of head hurt but is non a replacement for a neurological test.[ 6 ] Most patients with a head hurt have mild hurts. Symptoms include sickness, a mild to chair concern and giddiness. Patients showing with a low hazard caput trauma merely necessitate a careful appraisal and some observation after. They normally do non necessitate a radiogram. However attention must be taken every bit much as 3 % of those who present with a mild caput injury can develop a more serious hurt.[ 6 ]Once the patient is discharged the following of family should be instructed to maintain supervising the patient and to wake the patient every two hours to see if the status has worsened.[ 6 ]Often patients with mild hurts to the caput have concussions. They are typically caused by a blow to the caput. The impact of the blow to the caput causes the encephalon to agitate inside the skull and this temporarily prevents the encephalon from working usually.[ 7 ]Not everyone who has a concussion will hold the same symptoms but a typical individual with a concussion presents with confusi on, non being able to retrieve what happened, sickness, light headedness and go throughing out. Most patients will do a complete recovery nevertheless in 30 % of instances post concussive syndrome can develop which normally lasts for 2-4 months. Symptoms include bleary vision, sleep perturbations, sickness, concern, giddiness or memory loss.[ 6 ]About 20 % of grownups who develop PCS will still non hold returned to work one twelvemonth after the initial hurt.[ 6 ] If the patient displays relentless emesis, memory loss, loss of consciousness, or if the practician suspects that poisoning of drugs and/or intoxicant has occurred so the hurt is a moderate hurt. A CT scan is deemed necessary is these instances. If the CT consequence is classified as normal, the poisoning is no longer present and the patient has been observer for a period of more than 8 hours, so the patient is deemed fit for discharge. If the patient is unfortunate plenty to hold a terrible caput hurt half of these patients will be dead or badly handicapped six months after hurt.[ 10 ]After a neurological test in a terrible caput trauma a CT scan is normally performed the consequences of which determine the following class of action. If a surgical lesion e.g an epidural haemmorage or an intradural haemmorage, is present the patient must undergo immediate surgery to repair the lesion. An epidural haemorrage occurs when shed blooding occurs between the dura affair and the skull.[ 8 ]Because of the little sum of infinite that exists between the encephalon and the skull any little addition in volume in the intracranial compartment causes force per unit area to lift dramatically. This addition can do farther encephalon harm. A hamorrage can do lasting encephalon harm or decease if left untreated.[ 8 ] If no lesion is present, the force per unit area volume position of the patient is checked. The force per unit area volume index is straight related to intracranial force per unit area. It is of import to maintain intracranial force per unit area under control because the extent of the harm is straight related to the extent of the addition in intracranial force per unit area.[ 9 ]If these consequences are non normal fluids must be given. This prevents a lessening in intravascular volume and hence cardiac end product. A lessening in cardiac end product leads to a lessening in intellectual perfusion and hence an addition in intracranial force per unit area. Elevation of the caput, in patients whose spinal column is stable, increases venous return and therefore reduces intracranial force per unit area. Intracranial force per unit area must be invariably monitored and this has been proven to better the result for the patient.[ 6 ]This can be invasive as a investigation is entered in the encephalon to supervise the intracranial force per unit area. If there is increased intracranial force per unit area, it is of import the patient is put on O. Diuretic drugs are the drug of pick to cut down the intracranial force per unit area. A acute hurt normally consequences with a big intracranial force per unit area addition. This must be dealt with and besides the penetrating object must be removed. The object likely is non clean and as a consequence pathogens are introduced to the encephalon. The object is normally removed to cut down the hazard of infection. Before this occurs an angiogram is performed cut down the hazard of hurt to the vascular supply. In a traumatic encephalon hurt the cranial nervousnesss are frequently affected. The nervousnesss most frequently injured include the olfactory, fourth cranial nerve, facial and vestibulocochlear nervousnesss so it is of import to prove the map of all the cranial nervousnesss to guarantee they are in working order. Head hurt can be difficult to handle and what works for one patient may or may non work for another patient with a similar status. There are many new techniques and progresss out at that place. One of these is hypothermia or chilling the organic structure below the normal physiologic organic structure temperature. This chilling is thought to protect the encephalon from farther harm. Injury to the encephalon can originate unwanted metabolic procedures in the organic structure. Hypothermia may or may non forestall these procedures from taking topographic point.[ 13 ]It is widely debated whether this method produces arguments. There is deficient grounds as of yet to do this process modus operandi in a traumatic caput hurt.[ 11 ]Clinical tests have non reached unaminous consequences as of yet.[ 12 ]A survey published in 1997 showed that patients with a Glasgow coma graduated table of 5-7 on admittance benefited significantly with hypothermia intervention. However patients with a Glasgow graduated table of 3-4 did non profit from the intervention.[ 13 ]Preliminary consequences from animate beings have produced positive consequences.[ 11 ]12However old research used engineering that was non able to chill the organic structure fast plenty. Now new more rapid engineering exists to chill the organic structure to 33 grades with 20 proceedingss.[ 12 ]However there is an on-going test being undertaken by the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre. The test is a randomised controlled test and is presently in stage 3.[ 11 ] Sometimes it can be difficult to find the true extent of the damage.Only really late a new engineering was unveiled at a neuroscience conference to cover with this issue. ( November 15th -17th 2010 ) â€Å" The beauty of this system is it that it captures elusive shortages caused by a encephalon hurt that are non measured by traditional trials, Traditional proving methods, such as touching a finger to the olfactory organ or resiling a ball, merely do n't capture the complexness of encephalon procedures. † ( Dr. Scott, a professor at The Centre for Neuroscience Studies at Queen ‘s. ) The kinesiological instrument for normal and altered making motions or KINARM appraisal station consists of a practical world system and a chair with robotic weaponries.[ 14 ]Patients are asked to execute a figure of practical trials like striking a ball with practical paddles.[ 14 ]On completion of the trials consequences are generated immediately by the computing machine, which show unnatur al behavior.[ 15 ]â€Å" This system has the potency to make for the diagnosing of encephalon hurt what X-rays did for naming muscular and skeletal hurts, † ( John Molloy, President and CEO of Queen ‘s University ‘s PARTEQ Innovations. ) Once the practician understands the true extent of the harm the intervention and rehabilitation can be more successful. Progesterone was one time thought merely to be a female reproductive endocrine[ 16 ]but recent research suggests that it can protect the nerve cells of the cardinal and peripheral nervous systems after a traumatic encephalon hurt has occurred. It was besides shown to cut down redness and besides the limitation of the blood supply to the[ 16 ]encephalon after the hurt.[ 16 ]Progesterone is already known to be safe to utilize and has a low cost in production and can be used on a assortment of spinal and encephalon hurts.[ 16 ]It is expected that Lipo-Lutin will be widely used in traumatic encephalon hurt within the following few old ages.[ 17 ] It ‘s non merely the traumatic encephalon hurt itself the patient has to worry approximately but the after effects besides. Traumatic encephalon hurt was one time seen as an â€Å" event, † treated with some rehabilitation, it had no permanent effects on other organ system of the organic structure or cardinal nervous system. However recent surveies have shown that traumatic encephalon hurt should be treated as a womb-to-tomb chronic status. The universe wellness organisation defines a chronic disease as â€Å" holding one or more of the undermentioned features: it is lasting, caused by non-reversible pathological changes, requires particular preparation of the patient for rehabilitation, and/or may necessitate a long period of observation, supervising, or attention. †[ 18 ]On mean those who suffered a traumatic encephalon hurt had a seven twelvemonth life anticipation decrease.[ 19 ] After a traumatic encephalon hurt the patient can be up to seventeen times more likely to develop epileptic ictuss than the general population.[ 20 ]In 2008 a survey following patients who had a moderate to severe traumatic encephalon hurt for up to 24 old ages found that 9 % were having intervention for epileptic ictuss.[ 21 ] Post traumatic encephalon hurt patients frequently complain of slumber upsets. A survey in 2001 found that on norm of 3 old ages on after the initial hurt, 45 % of patients were sing disturbed slumber.[ 22 ]There is besides an additions hazard of clogging slumber apnoea in station traumatic encephalon hurt patients.[ 23 ]Patients enduring from this get terrible cardiac arrhythmias while they are kiping. Traumatic encephalon hurt may besides be a hazard factor for Alzheimer ‘s disease every bit good as other signifiers of dementedness. A traumatic caput hurt more than doubles the hazard. The more terrible the hurt, the more your hazard of undertaking the disease additions.[ 24 ]Equally good as being a hazard for Alzheimer ‘s traumatic encephalon hurt may besides be a hazard for Parkinson ‘s disease and once more the more terrible the initial hurt the greater the hazard.[ 25 ]. Traumatic encephalon hurt is a hazard factor for developing legion neuroendocrine disfunctions. These include hypothyroidism which can happen in up to 30 % of patients who suffered a moderate to severe traumatic encephalon hurt.[ 26 ]Gonadotropin lack occurred in 10-15 % of patients after the initial hurt[ 27 ]and hypothyroidism occurred in 5 % of patients post hurt.[ 28 ] A traumatic encephalon hurt can take to the development of legion psychiatric upsets. These include anxiousness upsets, OCD, depression, temper upsets and psychotic upsets.[ 29 ]A survey in 2002 showed that 50 % of those who had a traumatic encephalon hurt developed a psychiatric upset.[ 30 ] Sexual disfunction is frequently a ailment of station Traumatic encephalon hurt. This can happen in 40-60 % of patients.[ 31 ]Patients can frequently see incontinency besides.[ 32 ] Patients with a moderate to severe traumatic encephalon hurt frequently have additions muscle tone which can consequences in unnatural motions.[ 33 ]This can step in with twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours life. A survey in Toronto analyzing 900 stateless people showed that 58 % of the males and 42 % of the female participants had had a old traumatic encephalon hurt.[ 34 ]This suggests that the initial hurt may hold set off a serious of events which lead to the individual going homeless. This statistic proves the earnestness that is traumatic encephalon hurt non merely to the patient but besides to society. Having done this assignment I have come to the decision that a encephalon hurt must be treated specifically for each patient. Besides I realise the earnestness of an hurt like this non merely in the hours and yearss after the hurt, but old ages after.

Deception Is Used to Gain Power

Power can change people in a way that is incomprehensible. Power can make one so greedy that they will do anything for it and won’t let anyone, or thing stand in their way. In William Shakespeare’s tragic play, Macbeth, characterization is used to show that looks are deceiving when power is involved. When a person uses deception to acquire power, the consequences will be fatal and one’s fate will result in demise. When one becomes aware of their glorious future, they will do anything to acquire it. Macbeth becomes corrupted because of the power he could possess. Macbeth seems like the person who would not commit the act of murder as he has a conscious. This is known because at the beginning of the play, Lady Macbeth is the one who manipulates Macbeth to commit the crime. In this dialogue between Macbeth and Lady Macbeth, Macbeth expresses his concerns and Lady Macbeth reassures him. Macbeth: â€Å"If we should fail? † Lady Macbeth: â€Å"†¦ screw your coverage to the sticking place. And we’ll not fail† (1. 7. 67-69). Lady Macbeth then goes on to explain the plan and reassures Macbeth by saying â€Å"When in swinish sleep their drench natures lies as in death, what cannot you and I perform upon th’ unguarded Duncan? What not put upon his spongy officers, who shall bear the quilt of our great quell? † (1. 7. 77-82). Macbeth was evidently unsure about this and needed a great deal of reassurance to finally go through with it. Even though Macbeth’s gut instinct at first was not to commit the murder, he gives in to his wife and goes through with it. Despite that Macbeth is appalled by his deed, he still goes on to kill more people to secure his position. By the end of the novel, the other lords and everyone else have realized Macbeth is not fit for king and Angus states â€Å"Now does he feel his title hang loose about him, like a giant’s robe upon a dwarfish thief† (5. 2. 23-25). Macbeth is realizing that his robes, (roles), are too big for him too fill. He cannot fulfill the responsibilities of a king. Soon after Macbeth is slain for being a traitor as well as a murderer. Macbeth’s priorities are not straight as a result of his avarice of power. Power is capable of making one so greedy that they will do anything in order to acquire it. Lady Macbeth’s attitude towards power is somewhat similar to Macbeth’s. At the beginning of the play, when Lady Macbeth reads the letter from her husband telling her about the witches, it can be clearly seen that she will be willing to risk anything to see Macbeth as king. Her opinion about murder is that if it helps her to get what she wants, she’s in favor of it. When Macbeth has his doubts, Lady Macbeth manipulates Macbeth when she call upon â€Å"†¦ spirits that tend on mortal thoughts†¦ † to â€Å"Stop up th’ access and passage to remorse that to compunctious visitings of nature shake my fell purpose†¦ † (1. 5. 47-48 and 51-53). What Lady Macbeth is saying here is that it is as if she were tearing her heart out to make her husband king. Her sole purpose for murder seems to prove that she has been successful in emptying herself of human feeling. Lady Macbeth seems to lie effortlessly. This trait she has shows that all she wants is power and nothing else. Lady Macbeth believes that worrying over things you cannot alter is a waste of time, â€Å"A little water clears us of this deed† (2. 2. 86). Lady Macbeth announces that the deed is done and there will not be any remorse. This makes one believe Lady Macbeth has no guilt, but by the end of the play it is clearly understood that Lady Macbeth is not as simple as she seems. The gentlewoman is observing Lady Macbeth sleepwalking, along with the doctor, and remarks â€Å"It is an accustomed action with her to seem thus washing her hands† (5. 1. 30-32). To the gentlewoman it appears as if Lady Macbeth’s continuous action of washing her hands is a custom. Lady Macbeth, on the other hand, is trying to wash Duncan’s blood off of her hands, which contradicts Lady Macbeth’s earlier actions of saying â€Å"A little water clears us of this deed† (2. 2. 86). Her actions now reveal that she does indeed have guilt and fear because she kills herself to escape the horrible nightmares that torment her. Lady Macbeth is a fascinating character. She has immense strength and determination, but by the end, even her greed for power could not stand up to the guilt she faced. It can be said that Lady Macbeth has struggled with her guilt every bit as much as Macbeth has with his. It can be seen that power can corrupt. Power is something that if placed in the wrong hands, can spoil a lot. Those who crave superiority will do anything to obtain it such as lying and manipulating. The greed for power can make people do outrageous things, and once the power gets into the wrong hands, it will be abused, and can disrupt the sort order that power is supposed to hold within the society.

Portrait of Teresa and Salt of the Earth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Portrait of Teresa and Salt of the Earth - Essay Example The film Portrait of Teresa by the Cuban director Pastor Vega deals with the struggle of Teresa to â€Å"fit into† the ideals of revolutionary Cuba. The film Salt of the Earth by the American director Herbert J. Biberman deals with the theme of male domination and female struggle against the same. Thesis statement: an investigation into the roles of Teresa in ‘Portrait of Teresa’ and Esperanza Quintero in ‘Salt of the Earth’ by comparison/contrast method. In the movie ‘Portrait of Teresa’, the role of Teresa is so significant because her life and experience reflects the role of women in the Cuban society. The character of Teresa reveals the contradiction between revolutionary and traditional values. For example, Teresa was forced to take on major responsibilities in her family, which consist of her husband and sons. The development in the Cuban society provides immense opportunities to its citizens. Teresa works in a textile factory in the skyline of Havana to fulfill her personal responsibility towards her family. In addition, she works at a recreational dance group in the evening. The changing values of the domestic and public field affect her life and she ineffectually tries to satisfy both the spheres. The character of Teresa represents the hard working women folk in the Cuban society. She operates textile machinery in the morning session and involves in dance rehearsals in the evening. So, one can easily identify th at female life in Cuban society is a struggle for survival. Teresa’s late night rehearsals irritate her husband and it badly affects her personal life. But this leads to her short temperedness towards others at the textile factory meeting. She does all the works at home like preparing breakfast, helping her children, preparing evening meals, and cleaning the house. Here, one can see that almost all household works are done

The Rise of Christianity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Rise of Christianity - Essay Example Consequently, major rivalry occurred and still occurs due to division of various groups within the Christian religion. First century marked the beginning of Christianity mainly practiced by Jews. Christianity then spread to other areas of east and west. In Africa, Christianity spread due to missionary work and culminated to substitution of various African cultures and beliefs. During the transition age majority of Europe was under Christianity. Those who believe in Jesus are said to have internal peace and inheritor of another immortal life. Jesus performed various miracles before death and documentation exists in the bible. Additionally, following the commandments guarantees one access to eternal life (King James Bible Web). Consequently, reflection in the history of Christianity plays significant role in understanding development and growth of Christianity. This paper seeks to describe the rise of Christianity. Firstly, several stages and events characterize the rise of Christianit y. The most important thing that happened for the rise of Christianity to take place was the fall of Roman Empire (Caesars) that had established authoritarian regime in ancient period. Secondly, Jews played a central and important in the meaning of early Christianity. Thirdly, the coming of Christ for humankind was also significant followed by results of various teaching of the time. These teachings have the same effects to today’s society. Ancient Rome was characterized by authoritative rule of Caesar Augustus (Nardo 42-51). At the same time, transformations were taking place in Judea province. Additionally, Alexander the great was a great ruler who managed to overthrow Roman rule in Great Palestine and placed it under the watch of Ptolemy followed by Seleucids. Moreover, Jews returned from Babylon in 538 B.C with Moses rules and teaching as part of their belief systems. Torah was important in their religious practices based on the commands given to Moses by God. During this reign the Temple was a holy place that was accorded due respect. High priests were accorded maximum respect, as they had a special place in society assisted by Sanhedrin. Sanhedrin was important in implementation of Torah as laid down by Moses. Later, synagogue replaced the temple and was dominant as practiced by Judaism. However, temple was also a place of worship for Jews who were far away from Palestine. Moreover, Hebrews was translated into Greek to take care of Jews outside Palestine who practiced Greek as their language. Greek contributed to serious division in Judea but Greek prevailed due to support from pro-Greek Sadducees. King Seleucid declaration that temple be devoted to Zeus led to uprising by Jews who saw this as disrespect of temple. In 142 BC, Jews won this battle and were granted freedom (Nardo 45-59). The next rule after Judah was corrupt and this led to civil strife and war. However, Romans intervened and Palestine fell under stewardship of Roman. Herod was appo inted as Judea King and transformed the infrastructure. Pontius Pilate took over after Herod’s death. Most Jews hinged their hope on Jesus as a political messiah while others gave up and thought of Jesus as a spiritual leader. A section of Jews was impatient and advocated for revolution to get rid of foreigners and this resulted in a protracted battle with the Romans. Zealots killed large group of Romans in AD 66. At

Economies, Markets and Strategic Decisions Research Paper

Economies, Markets and Strategic Decisions - Research Paper Example However, growth in these vital sectors has improved the GDP rate in the country and provided more job opportunities for Qatar citizens due to the progressive social programmes provided by the national government. As a result of the influx of foreign investors and rising labour productivity, the country has witnessed a 20 percent increase in domestic credit availability, including private the business credit (SESD 2004). Macroeconomic performance in terms of establishing a diversified economic portfolio and rising consumer income levels have provided the country an opportunity to expand its knowledge and educational bases to include multiple industries and specialized production capabilities. Qatar has had a steady trade relationship with Canada since the mid 2000s, with this particular country exporting $1.3 billion worth of goods to this nation (Spence 2005). However, since Qatar has only recently expanded its macro-level objectives outside of hydrocarbons, there are still ample opportunities for telecom exports, information technology, agri-foods, education, health, construction and financial services (Spence). These are not currently well-developed, self-sustaining systems in Qatar that rely on foreign imports as well as foreign expertise. Thus, in terms of the importation needs in Qatar, there are ample opportunities in multiple sectors. In terms of Qatar’s exportation performance, it is rising steadily and has been since 2007. Qatar has achieved one of the highest GDP performance ratios in relation to account surplus that moved from 3.8 billion USD in 2002 to 17 billion USD in 2010 (EIU Viewswire 2010). There has been rising import spending due to the diversification strategies related to production, industrial knowledge, and overall gross domestic product. Some of these new international trade agreements have been the by-product of strengthening relationships in trade

The CIO'S In Public Service Sector And Private Service Sector Assignment

The CIO'S In Public Service Sector And Private Service Sector - Assignment Example The role of the CIO in regards to public sector is at formative level but well developed in the private sector. It is through this fact, that challenges and opportunities ought to be identified in the public service sector. Despite the fact that government is viewed as the entire enterprise, some other departments in a government operate with their own mission, goals and visions with the CIO being a position. The CIO being an official government role, it has been present in most government enterprises for the last have a centaury. The organizations during this period were undergoing revolutions as far as Information technology is concern. More resources are being invested in the IT with the top executive officers being well aware of their business competitors by use of the information technology to have the upper hand in globally growing market place. On the other hand, the private sector being aware of the importance has experienced the gains of an officer who manages the informatio n technology and the assets of the organization for the last two decades. During the time the private sector were experiencing the gains of the implementation of the CIO in their structures, the public sector was still recognizing the new position of the executive. The interesting thing to note is that when the organizations in the private sector implemented the CIO’s as early as early 80’s, the government appointed the CIO as late as 2003. This therefore translate that public sector is two decades behind the counterparts in the private sector in the appointment of an executive in charge of the information (Portela, Carvalho, Varajao & Magalhaes, 2010). The recognition of the significance of the appointment of CIO is affected by the high rates of labor turnover in both public and private sectors. Particularly in the public sector, instability acquired as a result of high rate of turnover lead to the assumption that the crucial role at the infancy development stage has never been implemented sufficiently and aligned together with policies and the strategies of the government. Recognition of the role of the CIO is what has been considered to be a reticence in terms of the significances as it may be plagued by huge turnover rates both in the public and private service sectors. Specifically in the public service sector, there are severe rates of turnover which has caused instability can be assumed that the role in the publi c sector which is seen to be still at the infancy stage in terms of its development has not been fully implemented as I is suppose to be so that it can match with the policies and strategies laid by the government. In this paper, the role of the CIO will be discussed, in a further note; a comparison will be made on how the private and public service sectors grant authorities to their CIO and the roles they play in their organization. A future expectations of the CIO will also be give in the paper concerning their roles and responsibilities of the public service sectors as they are experienced by the private service sector. The paper will finally conclude by giving useful CIO roles that are emerging in the public sector (Schubert, 2004). Role of the CIO Early in the 80s, the CIO was considered to be responsible for the senior execution of corporate information policies standards and controlling of management in the information resources. In this case the CIO was considered not only a s a technical expert but also a manager. The attributes of a CIO at the time was management, information technology specialist, management, political, communication skills, and organizational skills in order to have an understanding of how to go about in

Six Sigma Green Belt. Black Belt and Master Belt and differentiations Essay

Six Sigma Green Belt. Black Belt and Master Belt and differentiations among these three belts - Essay Example Therefore, to attain all these, the Six Sigma has different categories of classifying its experts (Gygi et al., 2005). They are champions, green belts, black belts, yellow belts, and master or champion belts. This paper will explore the nature of green, black, and master belts including their major differences. Despite the significant success achieved in quality control and implementation within most organizations, the disparity within the belts means rigorous training is required to have a uniform operation. Numerous belts abound that are used to measure competence in the field of martial arts. However, the Six Sigma Green Belt is concerned with improvement of critical projects under the supervision within organizations. An improvement on Six Sigma Green Belt automatically qualifies a person to the level of Black Belt and it is characterized with several features worth noting. First, to attain a certification, one is compelled to undergo a specific rigorous process that lasts from two to four weeks. This is because Six Sigma Green Belt is the lowest; it incorporates the basic knowledge beginning with the introduction, project definition and project selection process (Wheeler, 2004). Similarly, because it revolves around measure of quality to attain the highest level of perfection, the Green Belt demands a clear methodology of eradication defects because it is data-driven and has standards. Alternatively, because Six Sigma Green Belt integrates problem solving through the holistic approa ch, it has procedural method of utilizing statistical tools. It also includes other processes of interventions in comprehending diverse business processes. Under the Green Belt, one is compelled to investigate the causes of problems through analysis to boost the contributing factors that would eventually ensure improvements. However, unlike the Master or Black Belts, Green Belts are not required to know much in terms of offering improvement

Personal statement for cambridge University graduate admission Assignment

Personal statement for cambridge University graduate admission - Assignment Example Hopefully working as a business analyst who specializes in corporate governance and due diligence. I should have worked my way up the corporate ladder by the age of 45. I expect to be working as a financial manager for one of the large UK firms by this time. Biding my time until the age of 50 when I see myself as finally landing my dream job of Vice-President of Finance for a major corporation that shall be determined as my career advances. My plans include retiring at the age of 60 while dabbling a bit in non-executive advisory positions on various board of directors for companies I previously worked with. I am honestly looking forward to being able to mentor the up and coming real estate and finance professionals at that time and sharing my wisdom gained from work experience with them. I might even work as a part-time teacher just to keep my financial juices flowing while I am in retirement. After all, it is important to give back to the community by helping to train those who will be the future business titans of New Zealand. Word Count: 300 Question 2 : Reasons for Applying this Course (500 words) My family has a long, deep, professional, and personal relationship with the world of business and Finance. Tracing our roots all the way back to Beijing, China, our family has always excelled in all fields related to banking and finance for more than 3 generations now. Our ancestors have always worked in senior positions in the most respected and leading banking and financial institutions in China. Our most current relatives serve in senior positions in the same industry under some of the biggest banking and finance company names in the region. My parents began their banking and finance careers in Beijing but eventually had an opportunity to work in New Zealand. It was a chance of a lifetime for them and they took it. they currently have thriving careers in the same field in New Zealand at the moment and I am hoping to follow in their inspiring footsteps in the f uture. I am currently part of the third generation of my family that is involved in the business and finance sector aiming for a solid and fruitful career in Finance. Since I still have family members who work in senior finance positions in Beijing, I know that I am on the right track with my decision to pursue advanced studies in finance. They have helped me realize that the world of finance is about to undergo a major change in policies and guidelines in terms of banking, investments, and finance. I need to be prepared for that eventuality by arming myself with the best possible education that I can have which will help me survive that rapid change in the finance sector. I am going to return to China to set up my Asian office and start putting my Asian connections to work in the financial market. Everyone knows that the Asian countries shall be the leaders of the financial world order in the future. I should make sure that I will be a good position to take advantage of the situati on once it finally becomes a reality. This is how I plan to carve my niche in the Asian market. After all, I have the family connections to make it happen, it would be such a waste to not take advantage of it. With the Euro

Reasearch paper about accounting and why it interest me Essay

Reasearch paper about accounting and why it interest me - Essay Example The accountant should be perfectly skilled in the use of computer, MS Office and accounting softwares. Accountants should preferably get certified to become the certified public accountant (CPA). The individual needs to take accounting courses in the college. â€Å"As a general rule, a CPA must have a four year degree, while accountants without certification can get by with a two year degree† (Smith). An accountant should have very good interpersonal skills in order to gain success and satisfaction in the job. The accountant is supposed to frequently interact with the colleagues for necessary information. Therefore, he should have perfect mannerism, and should be extremely professional in his speech. It is very important for an accountant to be decently dressed because he has to visit the manager’s office several times a day. People like several things about the job of an accountant one of which happens to be the environment in which the work is conducted. Accounting is done inside the office. There is little to no field visit. The accountant is responsible to feed the data received from the site into the computer, update the data according to new purchases and sales on regular basis, prepare the balance sheet and forward it to the top management for information.

Strategy, Business Information and Analysis Essay

Strategy, Business Information and Analysis - Essay Example This assertion is supported by analysts who predict Amazon will be the fastest company to hit the US $100 billion in annual revenue by 2015 (Manjoo, 2011). Amazon provides a good case company considering its phenomenal success despite the intense competition it faces in all its markets such as the large physical retailers Wal-Mart and Tesco, large e-commerce sites such as Ebay.com and companies that provide e-services, and other ambitious, multi-market tech companies specifically Google, Apple and Facebook Starting out as an online book e-tailer, with its first sale in July 1995, Amazon on the outside seems to be a company that is spreading itself thin. It is no longer easy to neatly sum up what Amazon is. Amazon is no longer a web store, as it provides a myriad other products and services such as making hardware (read the Kindle line of products), providing Cloud computing infrastructure and services and even offering social networking services (for example Kindle’s social ne twork that connects readers of the same book). It is within this diversified portfolio of businesses that Amazon seems to be engaged in that Prahalad and Hamel (1990) stated belies a few shared core competencies. Identifying Amazon’s core competencies Hamel and Prahalad (1996) defined core competencies as those technologies and skills that enable a company to deliver specific benefit(s) to customers. This means that core competencies are not built as commitment to particular market opportunity or product, rather they are built in order to create or improve customer benefits. Products are a result of core competencies. According to Prahalad and Hamel (1990) core competencies can be identified using three attributes: customer value, competitor differentiation and extendibility. To identify a core competence under customer value, a company must continually ask itself if a particular skill makes a significant contribution to a value perceived by the customer. Secondly, to i dentify a core competency the firm needs to benchmark what it has against its competitors. Competitor differentiation comes about either where the company has a capability that is completely unique or is not unique but is superior to what the competition has. This implies that core competencies have to be difficult for competitors to imitate. Finally, the organization will need to ask how the capabilities it has could be used to venture into new product or market arenas. Core competencies need to provide potential access to a wide variety of markets (Prahalad & Hamel, 1990). Looking at Amazon.com two competencies immediately stand out as being core competencies: innovative technology in cloud technologies and online retailing, and consumer analytics. Amazon.com has the largest and most sophisticated collection of online retailing technologies available (Laudon & Traver, 2008). The company deliberately pursues leadership in online technologies. In its US SEC (2005) document Ama zon states that its strategy focuses its development efforts on continuous innovation by creating and enhancing the specialized, proprietary software that is unique to the business, and to license or acquire commercially-developed technology for other applications where available and appropriate. The end products of this focus and core competence include the one-click buying, personalized web pages, software-based product recommendations, Kindle

Stellar Restoration And Home Improvement To Fulfill Your Dreams And Satisfy Your Budget Essay Example for Free

Stellar Restoration And Home Improvement To Fulfill Your Dreams And Satisfy Your Budget Essay Our highly trained experts are available to help you increase the value, appeal and comfort of your home or to restore it to its former beauty after a fire, flood or other disaster. Plus, our prices are unbeatable in the market, so contact us now and start on your way to a more beautiful home. Remodeling Our contractors have decades of experience installing plumbing, wiring, heating, cooling and other critical features of any well-crafted home. Plus our extensive knowledge and skill will provide you with the highest quality workmanship in gutting out damaged and outdated structures, and installing stylish hardwood floors, tiling, and dry wall. We also specialize in the installation of bathroom and kitchen fixtures, such as pedestal sinks, hot tubs, baths, granite countertops, appliances and tiling which add a critical level of value to your home. Additions Our solid workmanship offers you the most reliable foundation work and the hardiest structures built with the strongest wood and concrete materials. We are experts at the construction and installation of fencing, iron bars, decks, carpeting, garage doors, driveways and much more. Plus, our in-house landscapers are specialists and will give your yard a lush, manicured and well-kept feel. Fire Damage Fire and smoke can ruin plumbing systems and affect your ability to restore your home on your own. We have the expertise to remove the effects of wet and dry smoke, protein and hard-to-remove soot. Plus, we have the knowledge that lets us pre-test to evaluate the extent to which restoration is possible so you don’t waste money. Water Damage The contractors we represent have the ability to help your home recover from water damage so that it looks like the disaster never occurred. We use the most powerful submersible or portable pumps, dehumidifiers, and anti-microbial agents to remove micro-organisms that might cause harm to you. Plus, we have the know-how to tackle even the toughest mold problem.

Explosion In The British Petroleum Texas City Refinery Commerce Essay

Explosion In The British Petroleum Texas City Refinery Commerce Essay The explosion and fires incident in the British Petroleum Texas City refinery on 23 March, 2005 has been described and reviewed in this assignment. Investigation report revealed that the incident occurred during the startup of an isomerization (ISOM) process unit. It was reported that this incident resulted in huge impact on BP Company and its stakeholders. The impact of the incident has been critically commended with the support of several data. Fatalities and injuries on nearby trailers, onsite and offsite damage, post-incident emergency response, and economic losses were the major consequences of the explosion. Causes of the incident have been also examined in order to improve BP performance. Organizational and process safety inadequate was the major blame for the incident. Recommendations which may improve BP situation and help to avoid hazardous incident have been provided throughout the assignment. The improvement on process safety culture, organizational changes such as merger and acquisition, budget cutting and employees training at all levels, as well as the enforcement of more effective safety management systems have been suggested to improve BP performance. Lastly, a safe trailer placement policy has been proposed to avoid the risk of similar incident. British Petroleum Company and Texas City Refinery Background The British Petroleum (BP) refinery in Texas City, Texas is the third largest oil refinery plant in the U.S. On Wednesday, 23 March 2005 at 1:20p.m, an explosion and fires happened at the BP refinery in Texas City, Texas, 30 miles southeast of Houston. The BP refinery in Texas City has the great impact on the overall gasoline supply in the U.S. This oil refinery has the capability to produce about 10 million gallons of gasoline per day. This amount of production makes up about 2.5% of the gasoline sold in the U.S. Apart from producing gasoline, this BP refinery also produces diesel fuels, jet fuels, and chemical feed stocks. There are 29 oil refinery units and 4 chemical units cover its 1,200 acre plant. In BP refinery in Texas City, BP employs about 1,800 employees. While the explosion and fires occurred, about 800 contractor workers were onsite carrying turnaround activities. The site has had several alters in management at both the corporate and refinery stages from its commission ing to the date of the explosion incident (Kaszniak Holmstrom, 2008; U.S Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board (CSB), 2005). Incident Description On 23 March, 2005, explosion and fires in BP Texas City refinery occurred during the startup of an isomerization (ISOM) process unit (Figure 1). On that morning, the raffinate splitter tower in the refinerys ISOM unit was restarted after it had been shut down for maintenance. During the startup of a section of the ISOM unit, flammable liquid hydrocarbons were pumped into a distillation tower for more than 3 hours without any liquid being removed by operations worker. This action was opposing to startup procedure instructions. The false signal provided by control instrumentation and critical alarms failed to alert the operator workers of the high level in the tower. As a result, unidentified by the operations worker, the distillation tower was overfilled and flammable liquid hydrocarbons overflowed into the overhead pipe at the top of the tower (Kaszniak Holmstrom, 2008; U.S CSB, 2005). As the overhead pipe filled with liquid hydrocarbons, the pressure at the bottom rose rapidly and resulted in the three emergency relief valves which used to protect the tower from high pressure opened for six minutes. A large quantity of liquid hydrocarbons then flowed from the discharge of safety relief valves to a blowdown drum with a vent stack open to the atmosphere. The blowdown drum and stack speedily overfilled with flammable liquid hydrocarbons, which resulted in geyser-like release out the 113-foot tall stacks (Figure 2) (Kaszniak Holmstrom, 2008; U.S CSB, 2005). According to CSB final report (2005), this blowdown system was a hazardous and outdated design. As the liquid hydrocarbons fell to the ground, some of the volatile liquid evaporated to form a flammable vapor cloud. The explosion and fires happened when the flammable vapor cloud was ignited most likely by an idling diesel truck positioned approximately 25 feet from the blowdown drum. The vapor cloud arrived at a wi de area which is evident by the burned area as shown in Figure 3 (U.S CSB, 2005). Figure 1. Raffinate section of isomerization ISOM process unit (U.S CSB, 2005) Figure 2. Raffinate splitter tower overfills and blowdown drum releases flammable liquid hydrocarbons to the atmosphere (U.S CSB, 2005) Figure 3. A post-explosion photo shows the burned area in and around the ISOM unit had the most severe fire damage while the red arrow points to the top of the blowdown stack (U.S CSB, 2005). Causes of Incident There are several key findings as the causes of this incident occurred in BP Texas City refinery after an investigation was conducted by BPs investigation team which coordinated with CSB, the U.S Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), and the Texas Commission of Environmental Quality (TCEQ). The causes of the incidents are summarized as below, The BP board of Directors did not propose effective safety culture and major accident prevention programs. There were no member in charge of measuring and verifying the performance of BPs major accident hazard preventive programs (U.S CSB, 2005). Risk blindness (The Economists, 2006). For instance, BP did not take effective actions to halt the growing risk of a catastrophic event although several fatalities occurred in BP Texas City refinery prior to this incident (U.S CSB, 2005). BP was too much focused on the low personal injury rate at Texas City while the process safety management and safety culture had severe insufficiency (U.S CSB, 2005) Inadequate in BPs mechanical integrity program. This led to the failure of the process unit in BP Texas City refinery (U.S CSB, 2005). Overzealous cost-cutting strategies (Economist, 2006; Marketline, 2007a; U.S CSB, 2005). According to CSB final report (2005), BP Group executive managers had expenses cuts in the 6 years resulting in the Texas City disaster without measuring their impact on safety of the site (Economist, 2007; Process Engineering, 2007). The blowdown drum and the relief valve disposal piping were undersized and the relief valve system safety study was 13 years overdue (Process Engineering, 2007; US CSB, 2005). ISOM operators had been overstretched (Economist, 2007; US CSB, 2005). Insufficient in BPs operator training program (US. CSB, 2005). Impact of Incident on BP Company and its Stakeholders Explosion and fires in BP Texas City refinery resulted in several negative effects on BP Company and its stakeholders. Those effects include casualties and injuries, facility and equipment damage, offsite damage, post-incident emergency response and economic losses (US CSB, 2005). Stakeholders of BP who had been affected by this incident were as below, BP Company and its employees Employees of contracting firms which include Jacobs Engineering Group (J.E. Merit), Fluor Corp. and General Electric Co. Families of dead victims and injured workers in this incident Texas community Texas City BP stockholders The U.S citizens who use crude oil Casualties and injuries In the incident, it was reported that 15 contract employees of J.E. Merit, Fluor Corp. and General Electric Co. were killed and a total of 180 employees in the refinery were injured (U.S CSB, 2005). Investigation report revealed that those 15 casualties were due to the explosions impact on the nearby temporary office trailers where employees were having meetings. Of the 15 casualties, 11 of them were employees of Jacobs, Pasadena, Calif, which was contractor in BPs Texas City refinery. The 11 dead Jacobs workers include several managers, administrators and 4 female craft workers. 3 of the victims were employees of Fluor, Aliso Viejo, Calif, was contractor provided maintenance management services at the plant since 2001. The remaining contractor victim was employee of General Electric Co. whereas no BP employee was killed in the incident. Blunt force trauma, which most likely resulting from being hit by structural components of the trailers was the cause of the all 15 casualties. Duri ng the incident, there were approximately 2,200 contract employees and 1,100 BP employees working at the refinery plant. Table 1 shows the details of the 15 dead contractor employees (Powers Rubin, 2005; US CSB, 2005). Company Name Age Position J.E Merit Glenn V. Bolton 50 Planner-scheduler J.E Merit Lorena Lori G. Cruz 32 Instrument fitter-helper J.E Merit Morris R. King 57 Construction manager J.E Merit Arthur G. Ramos 59 Quality control technician J.E Merit Ryan Rodriquez 28 Craft superintendent J.E Merit James W. Rowe 48 Civil superintendent J.E Merit Linda M. Rowe 47 Tool room assistant J.E Merit Kimberly A. Smith 43 Field administrator J.E Merit Susan D. Taylor 33 Pipe fitter helper J.E Merit Larry S. Thomas 63 Project superintendent J.E Merit Eugene White 53 Safety supervisor Fluor Corp. Rafael Herrera 27 Quality control inspector Fluor Corp. Daniel Hogan 58 Quality control inspector Fluor Corp. Jimmy Hunnings 58 Quality control inspector General Electric Co. Larry Linsenbardt 58 Title not disclosed Table 1. Contractor employees who died in the incident (Powers Rubin, 2005) Additionally, 180 employees at the plant were injured, 66 of the victims had serious injuries and most of them were suffered multiple injuries. It was reported that lacerations, fractures, sprains, strains, punctures and second-and third degree burns were the typical combination of injuries occurred on victims. Those seriously injured had leave for works, medical treatment or constrained work activity. Of the 66 workers with serious injuries, 14 were BP employees while the others were contractor workers from 13 different firms. Moreover, report revealed that 114 employees were given first aid during the incident. Of those who were given first aid, 35 were BP employees while the rest were contract employees from 14 different contracting firms (U.S. CSB, 2005). Facility and equipment damage According to CSB final report (2005), the place within the ISOM unit which caused explosion, nearby trailer area, the adjacent catalyst warehouse as shown in Figure 4 and the adjacent parking areas suffered the most severe blast damage. The nearby metal warehouse which used to store catalyst and the satellite control room were heavily damaged (Powers Rubin, 2005; U.S CSB, 2005). Figure 4. Nearby trailers that sited west of the blowdown drum (pointed by red arrow) were destroyed (U.S CSB, 2005). Furthermore, it was found that about 70 vehicles surrounding the ISOM unit were damaged and numerous vehicles were destroyed (U.S CSB, 2005). Moreover, a total of 44 trailers sustained heavy damaged (Figure 5) and 13 trailers were totally destroyed by the blast pressure wave that propagated through the plant when the explosion and fires happened. Report also disclosed that a number of workers were injured in trailers as far as 479-foot away from the explosion (Kaszniak Holmstrom, 2008; U.S CSB, 2005). Additionally, adjacent buildings also were damaged by the blast pressure. The damage level on building was not as severe as those occurred on trailers. The damage on surrounding buildings included damaged doors, cracked walls, and broken windows, scattering of interior contents, damaged roofs and bent metal panels. Also, the explosion also damaged a total of 50 storage tanks although most tank farm was located more than 250-foot away from the ISOM unit. The damage on tanks included distorted tank shells, both the shell sides and the roofs. A number of tanks utilized to hold hazardous substances like benzene were found being damaged as well and this resulted in the hazardous substances vapors escaped to atmosphere (U.S. CSB, 2005). Offsite Damage CSB report disclosed that not only the buildings in the refinery were damaged but windows of some houses and business buildings which situated north of the refinery were broken as well. These damaged offsite buildings were located up to 3 quarters of mile away from the explosion (U.S CSB, 2005). Figure 5. Trailers in the vicinity of the ISOM unit were heavily damaged (Occupational Hazards, 2005). Post-Incident Emergency Response The emergency response teams in Texas City were one of the BP stakeholders affected by this BP refinery explosion. These emergency teams provided effective and rapid assistance for the injured people and recovered the fatalities. Texas City Industrial Mutual Aid System (IMAS) member companies helped with search and rescue and fire hose lines (U.S CSB, 2005) Economic Losses BP has set aside approximately $2 billion in compensation repairs, payouts and lost profit for settlement of the incident (Marketline, 2007a). According to The Justice Department and US Environment Protection Agency (EPA), in order to resolve Clean Air Act violations in Texas City refinery, BP Products North America has spent over $161 million after the explosion to control pollution in Texas City, improved monitoring and maintenance and enhanced its internal management practices in Texas City refinery. EPA also reported that $12 million was paid by BP on civil penalty and $6 million was spent on a supplemental project to decrease air pollution in Texas. For settlement issues, BP also converted 100 diesel public vehicles to vehicles that operate using liquefied or compressed natural gas in order to reduce the hazardous emissions like hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides and particulate matter. Besides that, BP agreed to build 4 refueling stations for those converted public vehicles (Marketl ine, 2009). It was also reported that BP faced penalties with $92,000 from The US Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) for violations in the Texas City refinery (Marketline, 2007b). Moreover, to compensate the victims in the explosion, BP has incurred $1.6 billion (Economist, 2007). Likewise, BP faced reduction in its fourth quarter profit in 2006 due to the huge expenses on safety and integrity investments after the incident. It was reported that BPs fourth quarter profit fell 12% when compared to the last 3 quarters of 2005. Although BP achieved record profit for 2006; BP lagged behind that of its UK competitor Shell (Marketline, 2007c). BPs share price also trailed its rivals like Americans Exxon Mobil in 2006 (Economist, 2007). Recommendations Some recommendations to improve BP situation have been proposed after accessing the causes of the incident. Safety culture recommendation and trailer siting recommendation have been suggested to BP Company as follow, Safety culture recommendation Improve and emphasis more on process safety culture and performance through: Increase spending on safety assessment and maintenance Appoint an expert on safety management systems for at least 5 years to examine the safety progress in BP refineries. Incorporate process safety into management decision making at all levels Promote improved process safety through education and training employees at all levels Construct organizational changes that may improve process safety which include: Main organizational changes in refinery, for instance through mergers and acquisitions Policies changes like cost cutting and ensure consistency of policies Employees changes such as changes in staff experience and hire more workers to avoid work overloads. Reinforce safety management systems through enforcement of more valuable and effective programs, for instance: Mechanical integrity programs Risk management and analysis programs and Errors reporting and investigation programs Trailers siting recommendation Develop a novel trailers placement policy which contains practices to ensure the safe siting of trailers as below, Protect occupied trailers from accident exposure, for example, explosion pressure and heat Set up minimum safe distance requirements for trailer siting where is away from dangerous zones of process plants Assess the relocated trailers placement via novel risk analysis methodology Conclusion The explosion and fires occurred in BP Texas City refinery in 2005 resulted in huge impact on BP Company and its stakeholders. The effects of the incident included casualties and injuries which 15 contract employees were killed and 180 employees in the plant were injured, facility and equipment in the plant were damaged or destroyed, offsite houses and business buildings were damaged, assistance from emergency response teams in Texas City and economic losses. BP had has paid about $2 billion to compensate the repairs, payouts and lost profits and about $1.6 billion to compensate the victims. Moreover, BP was fined by EPA and OSHA for violations in Texas City refinery. BPs Q4 profit in 2006 also faced declination due to the explosion in Texas City refinery. The profit reduction not only affected BP Company but also BP stockholders. The incident also resulted in the financial performance of BP lagged behind its competitors. As part of settlement, BP also agreed to convert 100 diesel pu blic vehicles to vehicles that operate using liquefied or compressed natural gas. Furthermore, the incident has vast impact on the overall gasoline supply in the U.S as the gasoline production of this oil refinery makes up about 2.5% of the gasoline sold in the U.S. Safety culture recommendation and trailer siting recommendation have been given to improve BP situation. Even though compliance with practices in policies does not guarantee on avoidance of hazardous incident, non-compliance undoubtedly increases the risks. Also, enforcement of effective safety management systems is essential in all companies. Last but not least, employees safety training at all levels are very important to prevent the major incidents.

Relationship Between Buddhism and Politics

Relationship Between Buddhism and Politics Hale, Hunter Power, Politics, and Buddhism Religion and politics are considered by some, like the founders of the United States, items that should remain separate. But try as anyone might as long as people believe in religions their personal beliefs in these religions will always help shape their decision making processes. Buddhism is no different and specifically in Southeast Asia many political policies and views have been shaped by the Buddhas teachings. Buddhism has a model in which the relationship of Buddhism practices, values, and institutions manage to influence the negotiation of power and politics and there are also different relationships between Buddhism, kingdoms and modern states dotted during different historical times in Southeast Asia. To begin, the discussion of a model that dictates all relationships between Buddhism and politics seems quite hard to believe in. This is because once the Buddha passed onto parinirvana and time took its toll, Buddhism branched out into different sects which have different ways of interpreting the dhamma. Although this is not to say that Buddhism did not have influences with politics and power while the Buddha was still alive. It can be safely assumed that Buddhism was supported by the social, economic, and political elites for social, political, and also religious reasons. (Swearer 2010: 71) Siddhartha was brought up within the ruling khattiya class and therefore as the legends of the past might infer, monarchs such as his own father were giant supporters of Buddhism when it was first beginning to bloom and it is noteworthy to mention this. Royal and religious institutions supported each other in South and Southeast Asia on mutual terms; for the royal patronage of the order found in Buddhist monasteries was â€Å"reciprocated by institutional loyalty, and the construction of religious cosmologies and mythologies that valorized the king as the propagator of the Buddhas religion (sansa) were regarded as essential to the peaceful harmony and well-being of the state.† (Swearer 2010: 72). Now if there was a model to speak of that would help bring a strong example for how to rule for future Buddhist monarch it would be Asoka, The Exemplary Buddhist Ruler. Buddhism traditionally uses Asoka as the archetype of the cakkavattin, which is mythic Buddhist ruler who would personify the dhamma and rule by it, Asoka personified the dasarajadhamma or what is also known as the ten royal virtues. These royal virtues are, â€Å"generosity, moral virtue, self-sacrifice, kindness, self-control, non-anger, nonviolence, patience, and adherence to the norm of righteousness.† (Swearer 2010: 73) Asoka, was the grandson of Candragupta (the founder of the Mauryan dynasty which lasted from 317 189 B.C.E), and he took on the approaches of expansion shown by his forefathers and soon amassed the farest stretching political unity India knew before the coming of the colonial period. He ruled this immense empire starting from 270 B.C.E. until 232 B.C.E. and most of our understanding of Aso ka comes from pillars of that commemorated Asoka. The pillars were not the only things that show us into the history of Asoka but The Story of King Asoka, written in Sanskrit and three different Pali works named The Island Chronicle, The Great Chronicle, and commentary by Buddhaghosa on the Vinaya. (Swearer 2010: 73) When Asoka converted to Buddhism he changed history in a meaningful way which included the forming of Theravada Buddhism. King Kyanzittha of Pagan) and King Tilokaraja of Chiang Mai were two rules whom followed the ways of Asoka. They themselves became part of the history of Buddhism for, â€Å"The religion they support literally has its roots in the person of the Buddha, whose physical presence magically resides in his relics, and their political rule is grounded in the mythologized career of Asoka who, in turn, is represented as the historical embodiment of the first world ruler.† (Swearer 2010: 73) Narratives of Asoka, although somewhat a problem in historical terms with the different texts not always supporting each other, is something other rulers (like the previous mentioned ones) let them be guided by. Asoka in his ninth year of reign had a war break out within Magadha, which was the heartland of the Mauryan, and the Kalinga which the kingdom with the most power in India that still was not under Asokas rule. Asoka was moved by the horrors he inflicted upon the Kalingans which included the forced disruption of noncombatants, including priests and monk. Events such as these paved a way for his conversion and he transformed his beliefs into believing that true conquest could not be won over by arms but instead be won by the dhamma. Although some legends say that Asoka became extremely religious and even was a monk in his old age, the pillars provide us with a less figure much less religious and someone who promoted more by idealistic, humanitarian philosophy as opposed to Budd hist doctrinal interests. Rock edict number seven said that Asoka urged fidelity, purity of heart, self-mastery, and gratitude. Buddhas life story is mirrored by the story of Asokas conversion to Buddhism where one method (nibbana) replaced the other (samsara) and the prior then presupposes the rearmost. Asoka went from one who promoted things such as disorder and wickedness to someone who promoted positived things like order and righteousness. (Swearer 2010: 74-75) Asoka was the center point of the founding of the Theravada Buddhism and according to chronicles by the Theravada in Southeast Asia successful rulers, according to those who created the chronicles were the ones who emulated King Asoka. Those who did emulate Asoka built edifices especially stupas which were the centers for Buddhism in Southeast Asia, as well as purified the dhamma and the sangha. (Swearer 2010: 82) Buddhist monarchs in Southeast Asia emulated Asoka frequently. Especially in Asoka’s frequent building of the stupas. One such example is King Anirruddha who made Pagan become the dominant kingdom in Burma. Although the monuments in Pagan cannot match Angkor Wat or Borobudur, the sizes and extents are wondrous. Anniruddha brought to Pagan a relic from a stupa called the Baw-baw-kyi that was within the Pyu center of Thaton. Anniruddha’s successors also helped complete the stupas that he began and were even given more wondrous titles than him. (Swearer 2010: 94) Another king, called King Ramkhamhaeng helped foresee the Manansilapatra which was a stepped pyramid with which the king granted assemblies and then the monks were there to preach the dhamma. (Swearer 2010: 98) Buddhism has continued to influence political leaders and power even in recent times for example U Nu of Burma in January 1948 was elected the first prime minister of the freshly independent Union of Burma. He preached an dogma that mixed socialism and Buddhism basically stating that a community on a national level could only be built only if each person within the nation could overcome their selfish interests. He also argued against material goods saying that they were not meant to be saved or used for personal comfort but only for the necessities of life in the journey to nibbana. (Swearer 2010: 110) U Nu’s own lifestyle used elements of the traditional ideal of the righteous Buddhist monarch for example six months after he had taken up office the government was nearly toppled by an insurrection in which he responded with a vow of sexual abstinence. Another example of Buddhism effecting modern politics is S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike who was became the prime minister of Ceylon in the year 1956. Similar to U Nu he used the institutional power of Buddhism and symbols to gain office, however things such as a call by a monastic political party to make Sinhala the national language le d animosities which ended Bandaranaikes life in assassination. (Swearer 2010: 116-117) Bandaranaike also like U Nu promoted Buddhism rooted within socialism and although his lifestyle did not follow the righteous Buddhist monarch ideal the same as U Nu he used the Buddhist Middle Way to appeal to the masses in international as a well as national party; to many he is considered a national hero. In conclusion, Buddhism is deeply rooted within the political kingdoms and modern societies of Southeast Asia. Using the model Asoka set as a righteous ruler many rulers within Southeast Asia have emulated him. There has been a chain reaction of relationships between Buddhism and politics starting from the Buddha and his early monarch supporters, to King Anirruddha and in recent times U Nu and Bandaranaike. Bibliography Swearer, Donald K.The Buddhist World of Southeast Asia. Albany: State U of New York, 1995. Print.

Compare how Nichols and Alvi explore the issue of identity in Hurricane

Compare how Nichols and Alvi explore the issue of identity in Hurricane Hits England and Presents From My Aunts In Pakistan In this essay I aim to compare the two poems Compare how Nichols and Alvi explore the issue of identity in â€Å"Hurricane Hits England† and â€Å"Presents From My Aunts In Pakistan† In this essay I aim to compare the two poems â€Å"Hurricane Hits England† by Grace Nichols and â€Å"Presents From My Aunts In Pakistan† by Moniza Alvi. I aim to analyse the language and structure shape of different meanings, also to see what acts as a trigger in the two poems and finally to compare the issues rose about culture. Both of the poets feelings about their culture are triggered by something, which makes them think about how they feel. Alvi uses the presents to act as a trigger, which makes her realise, she isn’t as happy as what she could be. When she describes herself as †Staring through the fretwork,† she shows that she feels torn between the two cultures. She also feels that she is stuck within the English culture but wants to widen her knowledge to the Pakistani culture and maybe even switch her culture. Another meaning to when she says this, is she doesn’t feel the fretwork is only iron but the English culture is there stopping her and not the iron frame. Or it could even be herself that is stopping her because she is afraid of not fitting in since she has changed so much. In comparison, Nichols uses the hurricane to act as her trigger, however, it doesn’t have the same effect on her as it did on Alvi. When Nichols says â€Å"It took a hurricane to bring her closer to the landscape,† she is talking about herself. When she says this, she means that ever since she moved to England, she has felt that he... ...ow the traditions as well. The quotes show that the Pakistani culture follows a tradition of wearing a salwar kameez, whereas the English culture follows a tradition of â€Å"quick and easy beds†. She uses this as a contrast between the two cultures to make them apart. Throughout the poem Alvi explores the different cultures and there meanings. Nichols refers to the cultures in different ways. When she writes, †Talk to me Huracon†¦Oya†¦Shango,† she is directly addressing them and talks to them as if they were her family. I personally think that each of these poems has its own unique qualities, however my personal favourite is Presents From My Aunts In Pakistan. I like this poem because Moniza Alvi manages to express her feelings in a way that I have never been able to and also because she can explore the way she feels by choosing different things to compare.

Essay --

Midwifery became my interest ever since my sister became pregnant in January 2012. I was involved in all her appointments including her first ultra sound dating scan at 12 weeks which indicated when the baby was due going right until her labour. From this I discovered that a midwife does not just deliver the baby but most importantly takes care of the mother and baby giving advice and support during the whole pregnancy right until after the labour when they do home visits. This really interested me as I am a very caring and considerate person and so I then went onto do research into the Midwifery profession and learned that Midwives are very important to the mother and baby as they monitor their general health and wellbeing, carry out clinical examinations, answer all questions and be a general source of support for the mother as well as delivers the baby. After my GCSE’s I went onto do an apprenticeship in hair and beauty which enabled me to gain knowledge, experience and many qualifications. During this time I learned many new skills such as teamwork, customer service, learning ho...

Working class and racial discrimination

Each period of U. S. history presents an opportunity to think about the history of working class and racial discrimination. Having yet to develop thorough, critical, and radical interpretations of the civil rights struggle, historians have tended to share a sympathetic attitude toward the quest for civil rights. They also lack the advantage recently gained by diplomatic historians with the end of the cold war, and they cannot, and do not want to, declare the straggle to be â€Å"over† because racial discord has not ended and racial justice has not been achieved.Historians will, therefore, continue to write about an ongoing movement for equal rights in which their advocacy and support seem to them important to the movement's success. Surveys of the literature by Upton Sinclair and Anne Moody have already made important contributions in identifying persistent problems. For these writers, direct personal participation preceded writing about the movements. Unlike Sinclair’s The Jungle, Moody’s Coming of Age in Mississippi is compelling autobiographical narratives in the African American literary tradition.In a voice that is as subtle as it is insistent, as unpretentious as it is uncompromising, Moody maps her coming of age in Mississippi during the repressive 1940s and 1950s and the turbulent early years of the 1960s. Yet Moody’s narrative is more than a poignant personal testimony; it is an immensely valuable cultural document that offers an insightful view of life in Mississippi during the middle decades of the twentieth century and the carefully orchestrated resistance to that way of life that the civil rights movement initiated during the 1960s.The beautiful descriptions of Moody’s Coming of Age in Mississippi are all very good. They served a purpose and served it well. Coming of Age in Mississippi was a great book. It is lively and warm. It is written with pain and blood and groans and tears. It says not what man should be, b ut what man is forced to be in our world. It presents not what our country should be, but it describes what our country really is, the residence of pressure and unfairness, a nightmare of suffering, an inferno hell, a jungle of wild brutes.But I consider that The Jungle, which has beautiful theories, is even a greater book. It was the novel, which was responsible for the passing of the Pure Food and Drug Act. In 1906, Sinclair's The Jungle catapulted him into almost-immediate fame. The Jungle became a best-seller in many languages and actually made Sinclair's name known all over the world. The New York Evening World announced: â€Å"Not since Byron awoke one morning to find himself famous has there been such an example of world-wide fame won in a day by a book as has come to Upton Sinclair† (Foner 89).The Jungle produced big public excitement. I think that Upton Sinclair was emotionally involved in the creating of The Jungle. Though Upton Sinclair's The Jungle concentrates mo re on working-class struggle than mobility, it does as well good job in getting readers to think about socialism, immigration, capitalism, and future reform. Written in Chicago's immigrant neighborhood under the name the Back of the Yards, The Jungle beckons readers to look for history of this neighborhood.Descriptions of the neighborhood encourage readers to think about places where the author was writing and to understand historical events. The labor struggle in the book is based on the ineffective stockyard strike by workers of the Amalgamated Meat Cutters and Butcher Workmen in Chicago in 1904. Sinclair, who was there as a journalist for the Socialist weekly Appeal to Reason, stood among a growing number of pro-labor social workers. Unlike Moody, however, Sinclair evidently had much less sympathy for the struggles of African Americans, as his racialist description of the strikebreakers makes clear.In fact, Sinclair described a group of the strikebreakers as â€Å"a throng of st upid black Negroes, and foreigners who could not understand a word that was said to them† (260). Sinclair describes the strikebreakers – especially the African Americans – as idle, unqualified, and threatening. He had the most tractable pupils, however. â€Å"See hyar, boss,† a big black â€Å"buck† would begin, â€Å"ef you doan’ like de way Ah does dis job, you kin get somebody else to do it. † Then a crowd would gather and listen, muttering threats. After the first meal nearly all the steel knives had been missing,and now every Negro had one, ground to a fine point, hidden in his boot (261). Sinclair's recurring mention of African American men as  «bucks » deserves attention. Studying the stereotypes of African Americans, Donald Bogle observes the character of the black buck or black brute in D. W. Griffith's The Birth of a Nation. Bogle depicts the African Americans as â€Å"subhuman †¦ nameless characters setting out on a rampage of black rage. Bucks are always big, baaadd [sic] niggers, over sexed and savage, violent and frenzied as they lust for white flesh† (Foner 41). Sinclair presents a similar stereotype.He dramatizes the accusation by union officials in Chicago where African American strikebreakers brought amoral conditions to the plants because they were more lecherous than white workers. The lack of remonstrance to racist passages gives additional proof of white supremacy during this time, which claimed â€Å"that the Negro belonged to an inferior race and warned their comrades against violating the Caucasian purity of their association†. Unlike Sinclair, Moody presents the South through the eyes of Negro in the battle against Mississippi’s deep-rooted racist institutions and practices that remained largely unchallenged until the 1960s.While Sinclair again minimizes the cruelty against African American workers by simply saying that the â€Å"scab† who made the mi stake of going into Packingtown â€Å"fared badly† (263) Moody emphasizes the harsh realities of life in the Deep South in the mid-twentieth century—in Arkansas and Mississippi, respectively. As the critic Roger Rosenblatt has asserted, â€Å"No black American author has ever felt the need to invent a nightmare to make [her] point† (Foner 89). Touched by the powerful effects of these destructive forces, Ann Moody holds herself with dignity and self-respect.She moves forward toward a goal of self-sufficiency, combining a consciousness of self, an awareness of the political realities of black life in the South, and an appreciation of the responsibility that such awareness implies. Moody, however, is not entirely uncritical of the blacks in Mississippi. In fact, like Richard Wright’s Black Boy, the autobiography of Anne Moody can be read as an articulate yet restrained critique of certain aspects of southern black folk culture. It is a culture of fear that a ttempts to stifle inquisitiveness.Many black adults actively discourage the children from asking probing questions about race relations. A curious black child, they are afraid, might grow up to be a rebellious adult, and rebellion, they knew, could be lethal in Mississippi. When Moody, as a child, wants to know why whiteness is a marker of privilege or when she asks questions about reports of racially motivated violence, she is faced with a wall of silence or sometimes even intimidation. Later when she becomes an activist, some of her relatives plead with her to abandon her activism; some, in fear of white retaliation, refuse to associate with her.However, Moody’s fiercest criticism is directed at the whites. She is relentless in her assault on the Mississippi way of life. While she freely acknowledges the decency of some individual whites, even contemplates the possibility of interracial unity, she carefully exposes how the politics of color informs every aspect of life in M ississippi. With appropriately sharp sarcasm, the title of her autobiography alludes to Margaret Mead’s famous text Coming of Age in Samoa.Mead, an American anthropologist, examines in her work the social rituals and cultural codes that govern an individual’s passage from childhood to young adulthood in a supposedly â€Å"primitive† Samoan culture. In Coming of Age in Mississippi, with nearly anthropological precision, Moody maps her initiatory journey from innocence to experience among the seemingly â€Å"primitive† whites of Mississippi. Coming of Age in Mississippi is divided into four sections. In the first section, titled â€Å"Childhood,† Moody remembers her early years amid the grinding poverty of rural Mississippi.Even though her parents labor in the cotton fields from dawn to dusk almost every day of the week, they are barely able to feed and clothe their children. At age nine Moody starts doing domestic work for white families. After her father abandons the family, she works several hours a day after school and on weekends to help feed her siblings. The opening section of the autobiography concludes with her recollection of her first calculated act of resistance to the southern racial codes. She begins to work for Mrs. Burke, a white woman. On her first day on the job Moody enters Mrs.Burke’s house through the front door. The next day, when she knocks on the front door, Mrs. Burke directs her to the back entrance and Moody complies. However, the following morning, Moody knocks on the front door again. Once Mrs. Burke realizes that she cannot dictate Moody’s conduct, she lets her do the domestic chores without complaining. â€Å"Working for her,† says Moody, â€Å"was a challenge,† and Mrs. Burke would be the â€Å"first one of her type† that Moody would defy as she grows older (117). Moody’s minor revolt against Mrs. Burke foreshadows her later civil rights activism.Her poli tical awakening begins during her teenage years, and Moody chronicles those years in the book’s second section, titled â€Å"High School. † When she asks her mother for the meaning of â€Å"NAACP† (127)—something she had overheard Mrs. Burke mention to a group of white women who regularly meet at her house—her mother angrily tells her never to mention that word in front of any white persons and orders her to complete her homework and go to sleep. Shortly thereafter Moody discovers that there is one adult in her life who could offer her the answers she seeks: Mrs.Rice, her homeroom teacher. Like Mrs. Bertha Flowers in Maya Angelou’s I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, Mrs. Rice plays a pivotal role in Moody’s maturation. She not only answers Moody’s questions about Emmett Till and the NAACP, but she volunteers a great deal more information about the state of race relations in Mississippi. Moody’s early curiosity about the NA ACP resurfaces later when she attends Tougaloo College. Titled â€Å"College,† the third section of the autobiography reveals Moody’s increasing commitment to political activism.The fourth and final section of the autobiography, titled â€Å"Movement,† documents Moody’s full-scale involvement in the struggle for civil rights. In the opening chapter of the final section Moody narrates her participation in a sit-in at a Woolworth’s lunch counter in Jackson. She and three other civil rights workers—two of them white—take their seats at the lunch counter. They are, predictably, denied service, but the four continue to sit and wait. Soon a large number of white students from a local high school pour into Woolworth’s.When the students realize that a sit-in is in progress, they crowd around Moody and her companions and begin to taunt them. The verbal abuse quickly turns physical. Moody, along with the other three, is beaten, kicked, a nd â€Å"dragged about thirty feet toward the door by [her] hair† (226). Then all four of them are â€Å"smeared with ketchup, mustard, sugar, pies and everything on the counter† (226). The abuse continues for almost three hours until they are rescued by Dr. Beittel, the president of Tougaloo College who arrives after being informed of the violence.When Moody is escorted out of Woolworth’s by Dr. Beittel, she realizes that â€Å"about ninety white police officers had been standing outside the store; they had been watching the whole thing through the windows, but had not come in to stop the mob or do anything† (267). This experience helps Moody understand â€Å"how sick Mississippi whites were† and how â€Å"their disease, an incurable disease,† could prompt them even to kill to preserve â€Å"the segregated Southern way of life† (267). In the chapters that follow she comments on the impact of the assassinations of Medgar Evers and Pre sident John F.Kennedy on the civil rights movement, the escalating turmoil across the South, and her participation in the attempts to integrate white churches in Jackson on the Sunday after the murder of Martin Luther King Jr. The short final chapter ends with her joining a busload of civil rights workers on their way to Washington, D. C. As the bus moves through the Mississippi landscape, her fellow travelers sing the anthem of the civil rights movement: â€Å"We shall overcome† (384). As she listens to the words of the song, Moody wonders. The autobiography ends with two short sentences: I WONDER. I really WONDER† (384).The word wonder, in the context of the autobiography, lends itself to two different meanings. On the one hand, it suggests that Moody is skeptical if blacks in Mississippi will ever â€Å"overcome,† as the anthem asserts. On the other hand, the word reveals her awe over her participation in a mass movement, her remarkable journey from her impove rished childhood on a plantation to her defiant participation as a young adult in a social rebellion that will shake the foundations of Mississippi, and the dignity and determination she sees on the faces of her fellow travelers on the bus to Washington, D. C. Both novels work well in determining the distinction between revolution and reform.The result, the Meat Inspection Act of 1906, was championed as a victory of progressive reform, but in many ways it was a defeat for Sinclair and his revolutionary ambition. Coming of Age in Mississippi expanded coverage and broadened understanding of the black freedom movement beyond the traditional major events, individuals, and institutions. Moody examined the relationship between organized labor and the black freedom struggle. Her book opened new ways of understanding the southern movement.The economic forces that inspired the works by Upton Sinclair and Anne Moody still operate. And the books do more than prove the importance of interracial labor solidarity. The works remind us that racialized enmity and violence are never without moral, political, and socioeconomic consequences. Works Cited Foner, Eric. The New American History. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1990. Moody, Anne. Coming of Age in Mississippi. Laurel Editions, 1992. Sinclair, Upton. The jungle. Memphis, Tenn. : St. Lukes’s Press, 1988.

Analysis of Myth of Total Cinema: Bazin

The Myth of Total flick Andre Bazin in his article, The Myth of Total Cinema, asserts that motivation behind motion picture is in truthism. He explains his supposition by examining the technology of picture show. He lay step ups that motion picture was non born from the technology packaging entirely rather from innate require to reproduce the documentaryism of our world. The basic practiced discoveries be fortunate accidents essenti all(prenominal)y second in importance to the preconceived ideas of the inventors (Bazin, 200). What Bazin means is that the origination of technology was not to gain lolly rather to replicate and reproduce our existent world on screen.Though he does argue that some were in it for the profit of the technology. Inventors of photography and cinema thought about what they lead show and reproduce primarily to how they allow achieve the frankness of the world. In another(prenominal) words, the essential conduct to reproduce the real led to the production of technology. The desire for pragmatism did not come from the production of technology. Bazin goes on to explain that our understanding of cinema should not derive from the technology but from the reality that is perceived through the reverberation.Related article Odeon Cinema PestleBazin goes on to state that The channelize apologue, then, inspiring the invention of cinema, is the accomplishment of that which prevail in a more or less vague fashion all the techniques of the mechanical reproduction of reality in the nineteenth century, from photography to phonograph, namely an implicit in(p) realism, a recreation of the world in its own image, an image unburden by the freedom of rendering of the artist or the irreversibility of time (Bazin, 202). What he is arduous to discharge is that the guiding myth of realism and cinema should be the production of cinema unburdened by an artists interpretation or subjectivity.It also means that the time is not restr icted. In addition Bazin continues, The real primitives of the cinema, existing sole(prenominal) in the imaginations of a few men of the nineteenth century, are in complete imitation of disposition (Bazin, 202). He is stating that a real cinema is established by those who dream of cinema as a replicate of nature. Bazin concludes that the myth of total cinema is realism, and that it has been a part of e precise man originally invention of technology. Bazins article is very interesting and reasonable but his arguments only justify one side of the story.Cinema is not only a tool for reproduction of nature but also an tool for fantasy and dreams. It butt end be argued, I too agree, that the development of technology was created for the part of recreating nature, but the development of technology has ripe artistically. This artistic development of technology has support many in creating their imagination that are beyond reality. For example, the bourgeon, Inception, contains sce nes that are im practicable to film in reality. Scenes containing upside buildings, never culture stairs, buildings crumbling and etc. are very surd to accomplish without the help of the advancing technology. that the advancing technology has made it possible to create the impossible. What I am trying to say is that the story of Inception was not created prior to the advancement of technology but after. The story of the film was thought out with the possibilities of the technology in mind. Bazin maybe plant in stating that cinema was essentially the natural drive of human desire to trace and imitate reality though we can argue that it is not the only drive of cinema.